The rationality of mineral processing flowsheets directly impacts production efficiency and must be formulated based on ore testing, production practices, and practical conditions.
I. Selection of Mineral Processing Flowsheet
The design of mineral processing flowsheets is typically recommended by design institutes based on research reports. Production enterprises should propose optimizations tailored to their operational realities. Key principles for selection include:
Technical and Economic Performance: Prioritize both technical excellence and economic viability.
Product Compatibility: Align flowsheet structure with product objectives, emphasizing localized production of finished gold while retaining flexibility.
Equipment Suitability: Select equipment considering ease of operation, local utilities (power/water supply), and availability of spare parts.
Technological Advancement: Adopt advanced processes and equipment to reduce labor intensity.
II. Process Flow Investigation
Regular investigations are essential to evaluate process inefficiencies, validate new equipment/chemicals, or optimize production. Key requirements include:
(A) Preparatory Work
Develop a Process Investigation Plan outlining objectives, required equipment, and testing methods.
Prepare a schematic diagram of the flowsheet, marking sampling points, frequencies, and quantities.
(B) Execution Guidelines
Ensure sample representativeness through standardized sampling intervals; cyanidation process investigations require extended cycles.
Assign dedicated personnel to oversee operations and minimize deviations.
Calibrate instruments, clean tools, and control experimental error margins.
(C) Post-Investigation Procedures
Categorize and process samples (raw ore, concentrate, tailings, intermediates) with representative subsampling.
Analyze data comprehensively to identify issues and propose solutions.
Compile a Process Investigation Report with objective, accurate, and actionable conclusions.
Significance of Investigations:
Identify process flaws to guide technical upgrades.
Diagnose causes of abrupt performance fluctuations and validate flowsheet structure.
Evaluate the effectiveness of new technologies, equipment, or reagents to support decision-making.
III. Adjustment and Optimization of Flowsheets
Flowsheet modifications are necessary when ore characteristics change, product strategies evolve, or new technologies are introduced. Procedures include:
(A) Optimization Principles
Enhance technical and economic performance.
Simplify operations, reduce labor intensity, and improve productivity.
Prioritize reliable and advanced technologies to enable automation.
Post-modification validation of economic benefits is mandatory.
(B) Implementation Steps
Research and Testing: Conduct field studies, small-scale trials, and semi-industrial tests to gather data.
Proposal Development: Synthesize feedback from workers and technicians to draft optimization plans.
Approval Process: Submit plans for review by production departments and Chief Engineer; major changes require approval from higher authorities.
Post-Optimization Evaluation: Conduct performance assessments to verify economic and technical outcomes.
